Investigation of hadronic cross sections of cosmic ray carbon and oxygen on BGO from 200 GeV to 10 TeV energy at the DAMPE experiment

The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) has made significant progress in measuring the fluxes of cosmic rays. These new measurements are pivotal in advancing our understanding of the origins and propagation mechanisms of cosmic rays. The bismuth germanium oxide (BGO) calorimeter plays a crucial role in these measurements, particularly in the precise determination of cosmic ray fluxes. However, for a calorimetric experiment like DAMPE, uncertainties in hadronic models persist as a major barrier in achieving more accurate measurements of fluxes of cosmic ray nuclei. This study centers on the measurement of the inelastic hadronic cross sections of carbon and oxygen nuclei interacting BGO crystals target over an extensive energy range, spanning from 200 GeV to 10 TeV. For carbon nuclei interacting with the BGO target. The measurements of the cross sections have achieved a total relative uncertainty of less than 10% below 8 TeV for carbon, and below 3 TeV for oxygen. For oxygen nuclei, the same level of precision was attained below 3 TeV. Additionally, we compare the experimental results with Geant4 and FLUKA simulations to validate the accuracy and consistency of these simulation tools. Through comprehensive analysis of the inelastic hadronic interaction cross sections, this research provides validation for the hadronic interaction models used in DAMPE’s cosmic-ray flux measurements.

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Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2025-06-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/k2wp-c3hb
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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article
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article

Investigation of hadronic cross sections of cosmic ray carbon and oxygen on BGO from 200 GeV to 10 TeV energy at the DAMPE experiment

Xiaoyuan Huang, He Xu, G. S. Huang, E. Ghose et al.
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Investigation of hadronic cross sections of cosmic ray carbon and oxygen on BGO from 200 GeV to 10 TeV energy at the DAMPE experiment

Xiaoyuan Huang, He Xu, G. S. Huang, E. Ghose, L. G. Wang, J. N. Rao, Xiaocong Peng, Y. Z. Gong, Yifeng Wei, Yuxin Cui, Giacinto Donvito, X. Y., Yi-Zhong Fan, Pierpaolo Savina, Enzo Putti-Garcia, Hengyu Zhao, Y. Q. Zhang, A. Parenti, D. Y. Chen, Delin Mo, C. Perrina, F. Loparco, Y. F. Wang, A. Surdo, Lu-Yao Jiang, J. L. Duan, G. F. Wang, T. S. Cui, H. Su, Leandro Silveri, Chuan Yue, A. Tykhonov, Z. Shangguan, Felicia Barbato, Yuan Zhu, Zhao-Qiang Shen, Sha Sha Wu, Zhi-Hui Xu, Qiang Yuan, Z. X. Dong, I. Cagnoli, Zi-Qing Xia, Maxwell Cui, Jie Kong, W. H. Shen, Shengxia Zhang, Z. F. Chen, Paul Coppin, Cong Zhao, E. H. Xu, Andrea Serpolla, X. Y. Niu, Dimitrios Kyratzis, Y. Liu, Da-Ming Wei, J. X. Song, Ritabrata Sarkar, C. N. Luo, Y. M. Hu, C. Q. Feng, Xiang Li, F. Gargano, I. De Mitri, Ruirui Fan, Z. X. Chen, M. S. Cai, W. L. Li, P. Azzarello, E. Casilli, Yunlong Zhang, W. H. Li, Yan Zhang, Rui Qiao, Shun Lei, Ke Fang, X. F. Zhao, M. B. Li, Z. Y. Sun, H. R. Sun, Di Wu, Jianglai Liu, E. Catanzani, Meng Su, M. Ma, Yi Jiang, X. J. Teng, Shen Wang, H. Boutin, Wen-Xi Peng, P. Fusco, Peng-Xiong Ma, P. Bernardini, F. de Palma, Y. Q. Yang, J. L. Chen, Jianzhong Wang, Zhongtao Shen, Jiaju Wei, D. Y. Guo, Jennifer Maria Frieden, H. J. Yao, M. N. Mazziotta, W. Jiang, Yan Rong, Zhiyong Zhang, F. Fang, Lei Feng, Yapeng Zhang, Shubin Liu, Ke Gong, Chengming Liu, Shuo Han, A. Di Giovanni, Jing-Jing Zang, Z. Xiong, Zhe Zhang, Y. Y. Huang, H. B. Yang, Hao Liu, Z. L. Xu, X. L. Wang, G. Marsella, J. F. Chang, Y. M. Liang, J. Wu, X. J. Bi, X. Wu, M. Gao, T. K. Dong, G. F. Xue, C. Y. Zhou, J. L. Xu, Andrii Kotenko, K. K. Duan, Mu-Lin Yan, Y. Nie, M. Ionica, W. Z. Zhang, Jian‐Hua Guo, T. Ma, Y. H. Yu, Q. An, Peng Yang, Yi Zhang, Karl J. Friston
article en

Abstract

The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) has made significant progress in measuring the fluxes of cosmic rays. These new measurements are pivotal in advancing our understanding of the origins and propagation mechanisms of cosmic rays. The bismuth germanium oxide (BGO) calorimeter plays a crucial role in these measurements, particularly in the precise determination of cosmic ray fluxes. However, for a calorimetric experiment like DAMPE, uncertainties in hadronic models persist as a major barrier in achieving more accurate measurements of fluxes of cosmic ray nuclei. This study centers on the measurement of the inelastic hadronic cross sections of carbon and oxygen nuclei interacting BGO crystals target over an extensive energy range, spanning from 200 GeV to 10 TeV. For carbon nuclei interacting with the BGO target. The measurements of the cross sections have achieved a total relative uncertainty of less than 10% below 8 TeV for carbon, and below 3 TeV for oxygen. For oxygen nuclei, the same level of precision was attained below 3 TeV. Additionally, we compare the experimental results with Geant4 and FLUKA simulations to validate the accuracy and consistency of these simulation tools. Through comprehensive analysis of the inelastic hadronic interaction cross sections, this research provides validation for the hadronic interaction models used in DAMPE’s cosmic-ray flux measurements.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 112(2)
University of Geneva (CH), University of Science and Technology of China (CN), University of Salento (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (IT), Politecnico di Torino (IT), Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (IT), Purple Mountain Observatory (CN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT), National Space Science Center (CN), Institute of Modern Physics (CN), Institute of High Energy Physics (CN), Gran Sasso Science Institute (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (IT), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Polytechnic University of Bari (IT), University of Hong Kong (HK), Politecnico di Milano (IT)
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