Climate vulnerability in Middle East and North African countries: Do social dimensions shape resilience?

Purpose This study explores how various social dimensions influence climate vulnerability across Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries from 2016 to 2022. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on panel data and employs regression techniques to examine the relationship between social indicators and climate vulnerability. Findings The results show that health and well-being, education and economic participation, and health infrastructure spending significantly reduce climate vulnerability. In contrast, demographic dynamics exacerbate it by increasing resource strain. Surprisingly, economic inequality and social inclusion show no statistically significant effects, possibly reflecting the role of cultural resilience in the region. Furthermore, notable differences between Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and non-GCC countries suggest the importance of region-specific adaptation strategies. Originality/value This study provides novel insights into the social drivers of climate vulnerability in the MENA region, highlighting the critical role of equitable access to social services and the need for differentiated regional policy approaches.