O uso da interface cérebro-máquina na reabilitação de idosos que sofreram acidente vascular encefálico: uma revisão de escopo

Introduction: the Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) is an emerging technology that allows direct communication between the brain and external devices, interpreting neural signals and converting them into commands to execute movements, offering new possibilities for the rehabilitation of patients, especially the elderly, who have suffered a stroke. Stroke is characterized by the interruption of cerebral blood flow and can be classified into two main types: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Both result in significant neurological damage and, often, permanent motor sequelae that compromise the quality of life of survivors, and are one of the main causes of death and disability among the elderly worldwide. However, the efficiency of BMI is not fully understood in the literature. Therefore, a scoping review was prepared to map and synthesize the scientific evidence on the efficiency of using BMI in the rehabilitation of elderly people who have suffered a stroke. Methods: the PRISMA-ScR protocol was followed, and this study was conducted in 5 stages: 1- elaboration of the research question according to the Population, Context, Concept (PCC) method; 2- selection of databases and definition of search terms and strategies; 3- export of studies to the Rayyan manager, establishing eligibility criteria; 4- selection of articles by two blinded/independent reviewers; 5- preparation of the spreadsheet with the evidence found. Results: 34 studies that analyzed the use of ICM in the rehabilitation of elderly patients after stroke were included in this review. More than 70% of the participants had significant improvements in motor function. Discussion: based on the results, ICM appears to be an alternative in the rehabilitation of geriatric patients after stroke, but there are gaps in the studies analyzed that make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Conclusion: the use of ICM proved to be useful in improving the quality of life of patients. However, new studies are needed to elucidate this issue.