Matthew Guariglia. <i>Police and the Empire City: Race and the Origins of Modern Policing in New York</i>.

Criminologists often study the policing of racial minorities apart from the policing of immigrants. In Police and the Empire City, Matthew Guariglia takes this to be an analytical mistake principally because the two modes of policing show striking similarities. No less important, their respective histories in the United States appear to be intertwined and codependent. Guariglia advances these various arguments through a history of policing in New York City.