Quantum Relativistic Dual Engine with Single Massless Boson in One-Dimensional Box

This paper investigates the operational characteristics of a quantum relativistic dual engine driven by a single massless boson confined in a one-dimensional box. The study explores the interplay between quantum mechanics, relativity, and thermodynamics by analyzing the quantized energy levels and their dependence on the system's length. The quantum heat engine operates through a cycle of adiabatic, isochoric, and isobaric processes, where the force exerted by the particle on the walls of the box serves as the equivalent of pressure in classical engines. The results reveal that the efficiency and work output of the engine are significantly influenced by the relativistic and quantum mechanical constraints, diverging from classical thermodynamic predictions. The efficiency of the quantum engine depends on the quantum state transitions, the associated changes in system parameters such as length and force, and the relativistic effects, rather than temperature ratios as in classical engines. The study demonstrates the potential for quantum heat engines to surpass classical efficiency limits, particularly in systems where relativistic and quantum effects are significant. These findings provide a deeper understanding of energy conversion at quantum scales and suggest promising applications in advanced quantum technologies.