Research Progress on the Correlation between Intelligent Development of Infants and Young Children and Probiotic Intervention

生命早期(0~3岁)是神经发育的关键窗口期，肠道菌群通过肠–脑轴调控神经递质合成、免疫稳态及代谢产物分泌，深刻影响婴幼儿认知与运动功能的形成。本文系统整合近8年国内外研究成果，揭示长双歧杆菌、乳杆菌属等特定菌株通过多通路促进智能发育的作用机制，提出菌株特异性(如乳双歧杆菌HN019改善认知评分，植物乳杆菌LP45缓解社交障碍)和时效依赖性(≤6月龄干预效果更优)的干预规律。研究还指出人乳脂肪球膜(hMFGM)与益生菌的协同增效机制，以及基于菌群分型的个体化策略，为婴幼儿营养干预提供新方向。Early life (0~3 years old) is a critical window period for neural development. The gut microbiota regulates neurotransmitter synthesis, immune homeostasis, and metabolite secretion through the gut brain axis, profoundly affecting the formation of cognitive and motor function in infants and young children. This article systematically integrates research results from the past 8 years at home and abroad, revealing the mechanism by which specific strains such as Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus promote intelligent development through multiple pathways. It proposes intervention rules that are strain specific (such as Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 improving cognitive scores and Lactobacillus plantarum LP45 alleviating social barriers) and time dependent (intervention effects are better at ≤6 months of age). The study also pointed out the synergistic mechanism between human milk fat globule membrane (hMFGM) and probiotics, as well as personalized strategies based on microbiota typing, providing new directions for infant nutrition intervention.