Clinical Research Progress of Intravenous Radiofrequency Ablation and Microwave Ablation in the Treatment of Small Saphenous Varicose Veins

外科干预仍是下肢静脉曲张(Lower Extremity Varicose Veins, LEVV)的主要治疗方式，其中，小隐静脉曲张(Small Saphenous Varicose Veins, SSV)因进展风险及对生活质量的影响需早期干预。射频消融(Radiofrequency Ablation, RFA)与微波消融(Microwave Ablation, MWA)作为主流腔内热消融技术，其技术机制及临床应用存在差异。RFA通过高频交流电产热(50~90℃)使静脉壁纤维化闭合，依赖电阻加热与传导加热；MWA则利用微波(915 MHz或2.45 GHz)激发极性分子摩擦产热，穿透更深且消融范围更广。本文通过文献阅读对两种热消融方式进行综述与总结，以期给不同下肢静脉曲张的患者在选择合适的微创治疗方式上提供参考方向。Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment for lower extremity varicose veins (Lower extremity varicose veins, LEVV). Among these, small saphenous vein varicose (Small Saphenous Varicose Veins, SSV) requires early intervention due to its progression risk and impact on quality of life. Radiofrequency ablation (Radiofrequency Ablation, RFA) and microwave ablation (Microwave Ablation, MWA), as mainstream intracavitary thermal ablation techniques, differ in their mechanisms and clinical applications. RFA generates heat through high-frequency alternating current (50~90˚C), causing fibrosis and closure of the venous wall, relying on resistance heating and conduction heating; MWA uses microwaves (915 MHz or 2.45 GHz) to excite polar molecules for frictional heat generation, providing deeper penetration and a wider ablation range. This article reviews and summarizes both thermal ablation methods through literature review, aiming to provide reference guidance for patients with different types of lower extremity varicose veins in selecting appropriate minimally invasive treatments.