Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ferula Moschata Extract: A Chemical Perspective

Ferula moschata (syn. Ferula sumbul) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Central Asian and Middle Eastern folk medicine for its stimulant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have highlighted its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with significant pharmacological effects. This study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Ferula moschata extract through a comprehensive phytochemical and biochemical approach. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identified key bioactive constituents, including coumarins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to its therapeutic potential. In vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS) demonstrated strong free radical scavenging activity, comparable to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and Trolox. Additionally, the extract exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage cells, suggesting potent anti-inflammatory effects. Molecular docking studies further revealed interactions between Ferula moschata compounds and key inflammatory markers (COX-2, iNOS), supporting its mechanism of action. These findings provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of Ferula moschata in oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders, suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and safety for clinical applications.