Exploring the feasibility of low energy electron beam irradiation decontamination for textile cultural heritage

Abstract Textile artifacts are highly vulnerable to microbial deterioration, necessitating effective decontamination for preservation. While radiation is widely used for sterilization, the potential of electron beam irradiation for textile conservation is less explored compared to gamma irradiation. Electron beam treatment offers high dose rates, adjustability, and equipment flexibility, making it suitable for low-density textiles. This study investigates optimal doses for decontaminating common fungi and their impact on artifact substrates. Results show improved decontamination up to 15 kGy, with diminishing returns at higher doses. Cotton and flax fibers maintain structural integrity below 30 kGy, though color changes occur, especially in silk and cotton above certain thresholds. Darkroom storage partially restores color. An optimal dose below 10 kGy is recommended to balance effective decontamination with artifact preservation.