Innovative photo-thermal and thermo-photo reactors: Harnessing combined light and heat for advanced chemical reactions

Catalytic reactors in which the combined effects of light and temperature are simultaneously harnessed represent an emerging class of systems designed to enhance reaction efficiencies in applications such as fuel production and environmental remediation. The present work explores the key aspects of hybrid light-heat reactor design, focusing on reactor configuration, lighting systems, heat management strategies, and catalyst deposition methods. Depending on the catalytic process, reactors can be designed in different ways to improve reagent flow, catalyst interaction, light distribution, and heat transfer. Various lighting sources, including Xenon lamps, LEDs, and solar concentrators, are examined for their spectral characteristics, intensity, and common configuration. Meanwhile, heat management has been approached either through conventional external heating with electrical resistive elements or through autothermal processes. Additionally, catalyst deposition techniques, including packed-beds, coating on structured supports, deposition in reactor's cavities, and suspension, are analyzed for their impact on light access and reaction performance. The state-of-the-art plasmonic nanomaterials with located surface plasmon resonance effects and their implications in photothermal catalysis are discussed as well. This work provides insights into light and heat management used to date in catalytic processes and feasible alternatives, guiding future developments in sustainable conversion technologies. • An appropriate design of the light–heat interaction within reactors is essential. • Solar and photothermal strategies enhance sustainable heat management. • Advanced materials and smart reactors drive sustainable combined-energy technology. • Light and heat profiles represent a key factor for the successful scaling of reactors.