Combining 3D Resistivity Modelling, Well Logging and Hydrochemical Mapping for Identification of Lithofacies and Aquifer Contamination Sources

Abstract Population expansion and industrial growth in some modern cities are currently changing the surrounding environmental especially due to the impact of human activities on soil properties and groundwater resources. To investigate this, the resistivity method and hydrochemical analysis were employed and applied to create a 3D visual model of the sediments and their physical and hydrogeological properties. They were also used to map the hydrochemical properties of groundwater with a focus on the water of the Quaternary aquifer and identify its contamination sources. Hence, a 3D resistivity model delineated the dry and saturated layers and the extent of the effect of contaminants within the aquifer. This model was supported by geological, hydrogeological and well logs data. This resistivity model confirmed the aquifer contamination by the leakage and movement of contaminants to the southeastern, eastern, and northeastern parts of the study area. In addition, hydrochemical analyses of groundwater were conducted. They confirmed the presence of significant changes in the major cations and anions and trace elements due to the leakage and movement of contaminants to the same direction as detected from resistivity modelling. Accordingly, this work provides accurate and consistent results for decision-makers to track and identify contaminants, their causes, their spread, concentrations, and impact on groundwater properties. Using this methodology, new strategies can be developed to conserve groundwater and utilize it to achieve sustainable development in this area and similar areas.