Graphene Based Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials as Sustainable Energy Resource: Synthesis to Application as Supercapacitors

Graphene-based hybrid nanocomposites have developed as a proficient electrode material for supercapacitor applications due to their excellent electrical conductivity, high surface area, and mechanical strength as compared to pristine graphene.In this review we have discussed about various synthesis processes of graphene-based hybrid nanocomposite materials.All types of supercapacitors including electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitor, hybrid capacitors and their mechanism of working processes are briefly discussed.Here we have taken up research up to last 15 years on graphene-based hybrid nanocomposite materials with their supercapacitor property.These composites have shown high specific capacitance, excellent cycling stability, and rapid charge/discharge rates, making them suitable for various energy storage applications, including electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronics.Also, measurement techniques for supercapacitor to analyse specific capacitance are described in details.Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) technique and their mathematical formulae are analysed using the nature of the graph.The rapidly growing field of graphene-based hybrid nanocomposites as supercapacitors involves research on improving their electrochemical performance, scalability, and cost-effectiveness.The incorporation of these composites with other energy storage technologies, such as batteries and fuel cells, is also expected to play a crucial role in enabling the extensive implementation of sustainable energy sources and reducing our dependence on conventional energy resources.All these future prospects have been discussed in this review article.