Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at the Departmental Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori (Benin)

Background: Background In patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease is known to be the leading cause of death. Objective: To study cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at CHUD B/A in 2023. Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with prospective data collection involving non-dialysis CKD patients seen in the nephrology, cardiology and internal medicine departments of CHUD B/A from 1 January 2023 to 31 August 2023. The dependent variable was the existence of at least one cardiovascular complication. Data were collected and analysed using R Studio 4.2.2 software. For comparisons, a p-value < 5% was considered statistically significant. Results: 64 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 58.3 ± 14.1 years, [extremes of 29 and 92 years]. The patients were predominantly male ( 60.9%) with a sex ratio of 1.6. Of the 64 patients with CKD, 51 (79.7%) had at least one cardiovascular complication. The most prevalent cardiovascular complication was LVH in 48 patients (75.0%), followed by heart failure (42.2%), uraemic pericarditis (28.2%) and hypertension (17.2%). In univariate analysis, the stage of CKD, hyperuraemia, anaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphaemia, positive CRP and lack of compliance with treatment were the factors statistically associated with cardiovascular complications in CKD patients (p<0.05). After adjustment, hyperuraemia was the potential factor associated with the presence of at least one cardiovascular complication (ORa= 62.92; IC95% = [3.12-1271.05]; p= 0.007). Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications are common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, and many factors are associated with them.