Trends in the development of modern electric motors: challenges, difficulties and results

Background: The future of the industry is tied to the adoption of innovative materials and technologies, as well as reducing reliance on rare-earth elements. It is essential to assess current trends to address challenges such as the shortage of rare-earth materials, stringent energy efficiency requirements, and constraints on the weight and size of electric machines in electrified vehicles. Aim: Analysis of trends in modern engineering technologies and practices that allow reducing production costs and enhancing the energy efficiency of electric motors. Methods: The research methodology is based on a systematic literature review, qualitative analysis, and meta-analysis of the available data. Results: Scientific works were analyzed to identify key trends in the development of modern traction electric motors. An expert-analytical assessment of approaches and optimal methods for cost reducing in the production of electric motors for electrified vehicles is proposed. Conclusion: The prospects of electric motors evolution are related to the implementation of innovative materials and technology. The growing development and adoption of axial flux machines demonstrate significant progress in the industry. However, further research is needed to overcome existing limitations, including the shortage of rare-earth materials and constraints related to motor size and weight.