Do rio ao laboratório: a análise hematológica como chave para o monitoramento da poluição aquática

Aquatic ecotoxicology has established itself as an essential area for understanding environmental impacts, with ichthyofauna playing a crucial role as a bioindicator. This study investigates the effects of water contamination on fish, especially on hematological parameters, contributing to strategies for monitoring and conservation of aquatic ecosystems. The methodology is based on a systematic review of the literature between 2020 and 2024, using databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and PubMed. Publications on ecotoxicological impacts on freshwater fish were analyzed, with emphasis on hematological and histological biomarkers. The results indicate that urban and industrial waste significantly affects fish health, reinforcing their sensitivity as bioindicators. Hematological analysis proves to be an efficient tool for assessing environmental quality, highlighting the need for public policies aimed at mitigating pollution and preserving water resources.