Siderates as an alternative for restoration of soil fertility elements in conditions of climate warming in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

This scientific publication presents the results of research on the impact of different options for mineral fertilization on the formation of crop mass of crops such as peas, white mustard and oil radish.It also considers the issue of restoring the fertility elements of podzolized chernozem through the incorporation of the grown green mass of the listed crops into the soil in the context of climate change in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.The soil and climatic conditions of the Vinnytsia region are optimal for growing major agricultural crops, including crops that can be grown as green manure, namely: peas, white mustard, and oilseed radish.Accordingly, as a result of our research, it was found that the highest green mass gains were observed in oilseed radish crops.The 2020 growing season provided the best conditions for the formation of the productivity of sideral crops, while 2019 gave the lowest indicators in the norm of N35 and the combination of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers P 35 K 35 was similar for white mustard (4.5 t/ha and 3.3 t/ha, respectively), oilseed radish (4.8 t/ha and 3.7 t/ha, respectively) and peas (4.2 t/ha and 5.8 t/ha, respectively).The maximum increase in green mass over three years was observed when applying a double dose of nitrogen fertilizers on a phosphoruspotassium background N 70 P 35 K 35 : for white mustard -15.1 t/ha, for oil radish -14.5 t/ha, for peas -10.3 t/ha.The dry matter content in the grown crop products depended on the type of crop and applied mineral fertilizers, varying from 16.3% to 29.3%, and in root residues -from 20.5% to 33.1%.With an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers, the total yield of dry matter increased, but the share of its content in the biomass decreased.This confirms the direct relationship between the dose of fertilizers and the yield of dry matter (R 2 = 0.77-0.89),as well as the inverse relationship regarding the content in the green mass (R 2 = -0.54-0.79)and in the underground part (R 2 = -0.48-0.85).It was found that the application of different doses and types of mineral fertilizers did not have a significant effect on the humus content in the soil.At the same time, the cultivation of sideral crops and, accordingly, the plowing of green fertilizers.contributed to the movement of calcium from the lower layers of the soil to the arable, which reduced the active acidity of the soil and other indicators of the fertility of podzolized chernozem.