Altitudinal Habitat Variability and Ethnobiological Applications of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Uttarakhand India

This study comprehensively assesses the diversity, distribution, and cultural significance of Coccinellidae (ladybirds) in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, documenting 32 species from 19 genera, with Coccinella as the predominant genus, including key species like Coccinella septempunctata, C. transversalis and Cheilomenes sexmaculata. Species richness was greatest at lower altitudes (300 m), with Coccinella septempunctata and Hippodamia variegata showing a wide altitudinal distribution and a marked decrease with increasing altitude, consistent with known ecological patterns. Agricultural ecosystems harboured the greatest diversity of Coccinellidae, due to the availability of prey and habitat heterogeneity, while flower gardens, mango orchards and forests harboured fewer species. In particular, Illeis cincta, Halyzia sanscrita and Harmonia axyridis were frequently observed in both agricultural and floral habitats, reflecting their ecological adaptability. The study also throws light on the ethnozoological practices of Vann Gujjar and Pahari communities, who use species such as Coccinella hieroglyphica, C. leonina and Propylea dissecta to treat ailments such as asthma, cough and skin diseases. A cross-cultural analysis revealed different preferences between the species, with Coccinella septempunctata having the highest cultural value due to its symbolic and medicinal significance. These results emphasize the ecological and cultural importance of Coccinellidae and provide valuable insights into their role in ecosystem functioning and traditional practices.