Variability and correlation studies in f4 progenies of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.)

An investigation was conducted on F4 progenies derived from the cross DBG-5 x Bhagirati in bottle gourd to assess genetic variability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation among thirteen agronomic traits. Substantial genotypic and phenotypic variability, coupled with high heritability and considerable genetic advance as a percentage of mean, were noted for traits such as the number of primary branches per vine, number of fruits per vine, yield per vine, and average fruit weight. These observations suggest that additive gene effects predominantly govern these traits, indicating the effectiveness of simple selection methods for improvement. Furthermore, yield per vine demonstrated a strong and significant positive association, at both phenotypic and genotypic levels, with traits like sex ratio, node of first female flower appearance, average fruit length, fruit diameters at pedicel, center, and stylar end, as well as number of fruits per vine. Thus, these traits—particularly those influencing floral development and fruit morphology—should be prioritized in breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield potential.