Impact of ND-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for posterior capsular opacification on the visual outcome

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in improving visual outcomes in patients with Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) following cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This one-year observational study was conducted in the ophthalmology outpatient department of our hospital, focusing on patients who experienced decreased vision following cataract surgery. All participants had undergone Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation and initially showed good visual outcomes. However, vision deteriorated over time due to Posterior Capsular Opacification (PCO). Only those with uncomplicated eyes, except for PCO, were included. Preoperative evaluations included patient history, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using Snellen’s chart, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and ophthalmoscopy. Data analysis was done using SSPS software. Results: A total of 50 post-cataract patients were studied, with 52% developing posterior capsule opacification (PCO), most commonly the pearl type (65%) and predominantly in males (66%) aged 61-75 years (48%). PCO onset ranged from 0 to over 60 months post-surgery. Visual acuity significantly improved after Nd:YAG capsulotomy, with VA < 6/60 reducing from 52% to 10%, though 20% experienced intraocular lens damage and minor complications occurred in a few cases. Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is an effective procedure that significantly improves visual acuity in patients with PCO, though careful monitoring for potential complications is essential.