Research on Phage-based Influenza Vaccine Utilizing Hemagglutinin Protein

Influenza virus is a major threat to global public health, and its high variability and diversity bring great challenges to vaccine development. Hemagglutinin (HA) protein, as an important surface antigen of influenza virus, plays a key role in virus invasion and immune escape, and is the focus of vaccine development. Although the traditional influenza vaccine has certain effect, it is unable to cope with the rapid mutation of the virus. As a new technology, phage vaccine uses phage display platform to display foreign antigens and induce specific immune response. This article summarizes the structure, function and variability of HA protein of influenza virus, and the limitations of traditional influenza vaccine. Then the basic principle of phage display technology and its application potential in vaccine research and development are introduced. Subsequently, the research and development process, immunogenicity evaluation and advantages of influenza phage vaccine based on HA protein are expounded, and the challenges it faces are analyzed. Finally, the potential of phage vaccine in influenza prevention and control is summarized and the future research direction is prospected.