<b>Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Anti-Discrimination Policies and Health Outcomes in Transgender Populations</b>
Background: Transgender populaces face significant health inequalities due to discrimination. Anti-discrimination policies aim to improve health equity. Objective: To systematically review and quantitatively synthesize proof on the impact of anti-discrimination policies on health outcomes in transgender people. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted through May 2025. Observational and qualitative studies were included. Quality was assessed via Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and CASP. Meta-analysis was conducted on mental health outcomes where data allowed. Results: Fifteen studies were included (8 cross-sectional, 4 cohort, 3 qualitative). Meta-analysis of six studies showed a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52–0.81) for depression in regions with protective policies versus without. Narrative synthesis indicated improved healthcare access and concentrated stigma.Conclusion: Anti-discrimination policies are related with upgraded mental health and healthcare access in transgender populations. Further longitudinal studies are needed. Keywords: Transgender Health, Anti-Discrimination Policies, Health Outcomes, Health Equity, Minority Stress, Structural Stigma
Authors
- Yasin Hussain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-5147)
- Humma Khan
- Sadia Akram
- Muhammad Tahir Akram (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-5665)
- Muhammad Yousuf
- Usama Javed Soomro
Institutions
- Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (PK)
- Dar Al-Shifa Hospital (PS)
- Government of Pakistan (PK)
- Operational Technologies Corporation (United States) (US)
- Impact (CA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Annual Methodological Archive Research Review
- Published
- 2025-06-12
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.63075/cdr47c70
- Primary Topic
- LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00