Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Selected Integrated Pest Management Components in Controlling Cabbage Aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae Linn.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Open Field Conditions

This experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture / University of Karbala on a cabbage crop during the growing season of 2024/2025. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of certain integrated pest management components, specifically three botanical pesticides (Palizin, Tondexir, and Oxymatrine) and a bacterial biopesticide (Amyloland), as well as the synergistic effect of combining these components for the control of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, under open field conditions. At the recommended concentration of 3 mL/L, Palizin demonstrated the highest mortality rate among the plant-derived insecticides, achieving a relative efficacy of 91.28% by day 21 post-application. In comparison, Tondexir and Oxymatrine yielded mortality rates of 72.48% and 73.3%, respectively. For Amyloland, the concentration of 3 g/L proved most effective, with a mortality rate of 67.2%, outperforming the 2 g/L and 2.5 g/L treatments, which resulted in 51.2% and 56.9% mortality, respectively. Regarding synergistic interactions, the combination of Palizin + Amyloland was superior, achieving complete aphid control (100% mortality) at 7, 14, and 21 days after application. This treatment outperformed both Tondexir + Amyloland and Oxymatrine + Amyloland, which recorded mortality rates of 76.7%, 94.7%, and 100%, and 80.3%, 99.4%, and 100%, respectively, over the same time intervals.