The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Neurology: A Balanced Perspective on Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract As the human population continues to grow, various health issues, including neurological diseases, are on the rise. The high incidence of these diseases, along with their significant economic burden, highlights the need for improvements in health services within the field of neuroscience. One promising approach to enhancing these services is the use of artificial intelligence (AI). In neurology, AI has been integrated into several tools, including Computed Tomography (CT) Scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and fundoscopy. Additionally, AI is utilized in wearable devices and smartphone applications. However, there are several obstacles and challenges associated with the application of AI in medicine, such as issues related to data security, data privacy, inadequate data availability, insufficient infrastructure, and uneven access to technology. Medical ethics is another critical consideration when implementing AI. Despite these challenges, AI offers new hope for advancing medical science and technology. It has the potential to help map the spread of diseases, predict risk levels and disease prognosis, detect rare conditions, assist in drug discovery, enhance the quality of imaging technologies, and open avenues for further research.