Consumer Time Planning Model in Sports Organizations

Given the importance of time management in sports organizations, this study aims to design a comprehensive model for consumer time planning to enhance productivity and increase customer satisfaction, ultimately contributing to the sustainable success of sports organizations. The research employs a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative section was conducted using a grounded theory approach, while the quantitative section utilized a survey method. In the qualitative phase, the study population comprised experts from the Ministry of Sports and Youth and university professors. Using the snowball sampling method, 15 participants were selected until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population included managers from the Ministry of Sports and Youth and sports federations (totaling 155 individuals), from which 110 experts were selected using Cochran's formula. A researcher-designed questionnaire, developed based on factors extracted from expert opinions, initially contained 62 items. Following validation using the Lawshe method, 5 items were removed, resulting in a final questionnaire with 57 items for distribution. The findings indicated that, based on Strauss's grounded theory model, a framework comprising 57 components was designed. These components were categorized into four dimensions related to causal conditions (sports-related dimensions, human resource empowerment, internal organizational standards, and process design), three dimensions of contextual factors (ethical commitment, acceptance of new experiences, and technology development), and two groups of environmental and organizational intervening factors. The model proposed four strategies and four outcomes to improve consumer time planning in sports organizations. This study provides a comprehensive framework for consumer time planning in sports organizations, offering valuable insights for sports managers in designing and implementing effective programs. Given the complexity of the topic, it is recommended that sports organizations adopt a systemic and integrated approach for successful implementation of this model.