Vitamin D Levels in Children of Nephrotic Syndrome During Active Nephrosis and it’s Correlation to Serum Albumin Levels

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children often leads to alterations in serum biochemical parameters, including vitamin D and albumin levels. This study investigates the serum vitamin D levels during active nephrosis in children with NS and its correlation with serum albumin levels. Methods: This two-year observational cross-sectional study analyzed children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, focusing on their serum vitamin D and albumin levels. The study period spanned from start year to end year. We collected data on mean, standard deviation (SD), median, interquartile range (IQR), and range for both parameters. Given the non-normal distribution of vitamin D levels across the different NS patterns, we used the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for group comparisons. Results: The mean (SD) serum albumin level was 1.28 (0.29) g/dL, with a median (IQR) of 1.20 (1.1-1.4) g/dL, ranging from 0.8 to 4.1 g/dL. The median vitamin D was (IQR) of 4.85 (3.02-6.47) ng/dL, ranging from 0.1 to 25 ng/dL. There were no significant differences in vitamin D levels between these groups (χ2 = 0.406, p = 0.939). Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels do not significantly differ across various patterns of nephrotic syndrome in children. Additionally, there is no statistically significant correlation between serum vitamin D and albumin levels (rho = 0.01, p = 0.891). These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency in children with nephrotic syndrome is independent of their serum albumin status and the pattern of the disease. Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, Children, Serum vitamin D, Serum albumin, Biochemical parameters