AMMI Analysis for Genotype × Environment Interactions for Yield and Yieldattributing traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)

Wheat production is affected by emerging problems like climate change, terminal heat stress, and over-utilization of resources. To obtain consistent yield, variety should be adaptable and stable in various production conditions. The ideal time of sowing of wheat is before 15 Nov in Indian sub contientent as delay in sowing will effect the yield because of terminal heat stress so to tackle this problem more adaptable and late sown varities should be identified so by the present study will able to identify which genotypes are highly adaptable in late sown condition. The experiment was carried out at B.A.U, Ranchi 2019-20 with three dates of sowing i.e. timely sowing (E1), late sowing (E2), very late sowing (E3) using twenty-eight genotypes including advanced breeding lines, local land races and released varieties, grown in RBD with two replications. The AMMI analysis of variance revealed that genotype, environment, and their interaction had a highly significant effect on the yield and yield-attributing traits. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for grain yield per plant across the environments showed that 65.49 % of the total variation was attributed to genotypic effects, 11.07% to environmental effects and 23.42% to genotype-environment interaction effects. The genotypes which has stable yield in all the three environment timely, late and very late are DBW-273, UP-2981, RAJ-4529, HI-1621, DBW-252, WR-544, DBW-14, WH-1235, PBW- 773. AMMI models revealed stable and high-yielding genotypes suitable for specific environments, thus DBW-136, DBW-14, DBW-252, WR-544 for Environment 1, DBW-273, UP- 2981 for Environment 2, RAJ-4529, HI-1621 for Environment 3. Overall environment E1 followed by E2 and E3 were suitable for most of the traits. These genotypes could be utilized in breeding programs to improve grain yield in bread wheat and may be used as stable breeding material for commercial cultivation.