Discovering the Therapeutic Potential of PiperEssential Oils: Chemistry and Bioactivities

The genus Piper, a prominent member of the Piperaceae family, encompasses over 2,000 species and is widely distributed, particularly in Southeast Asia. Known for its medicinal and economic significance, several Piperspecies have been traditionally utilized in their native regions for various purposes. These species thrive in tropical areas, primarily as aromatic shrubs and trees that produce essential oils in significant quantities. Widely valued for their therapeutic properties, these oils are extensively used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Recent studies on Malaysian Piperspecies have highlighted notable pharmacological activities associated with their essential oils. This review provides an in-depth overview of the medicinal applications, chemical composition, and bioactivities of essential oils from key Piperspecies. Data were gathered through comprehensive searches of electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, and Google Scholar, along with a library search for peer-reviewed articles. The review focuses on the chemical constituents of Piperessential oils, offering insights into selecting species with optimal chemical profiles for diverse applications.