Formulation of Anti-Perspirant Deodorant Stick using MoringaOleifera

Sweating serves as the humanbody's primary thermoregulatory mechanism; however, it is often accompanied by malodour, which can negatively impact an individual’s self-confidence.Ongoing research has focused on mitigating both perspiration and associated body odour. Perspiration is primarily attributed to increased sweat gland activity, whereas malodour results from microbial metabolism and is influenced by ecological factors such as diet. Deodorant researchpredominantlytargets the inhibitionofodour-causing microbial growththroughthe use ofantimicrobialagents, while antiperspirant formulations aimto reduce sweat secretion, thereby indirectly minimizingbodyodourand enhancingaestheticappeal. Theunderlying mechanismof antiperspirantactiontypically involvesusingMoringaextractphysicallyblockingthe emergence of sweat on theskin surface. This study presents a systematic review of recent advancements in the formulation of novel antiperspirant and deodorant active ingredients, with a particular emphasis on alcohol-free, paraben-free, and naturally derived compounds. Emerging classes of actives, including antimicrobial plant extracts, deodorizing textiles, and bacterial derivatives, have been investigatedfor theirpotentialapplication inpersonalcare products. Nonetheless, keychallenges remain in elucidating the physicochemical formation ofgelplugsby antiperspirantagents within eccrine sweat pores and in developingdelivery systems that provide prolonged efficacy. Additionally, herbal deodorant sticks were formulated and evaluated through various physicochemical and functional tests, including pH determination, softening point analysis, breaking load assessment, spreadability, stability studies, and antibacterialefficacy. The results indicate that the formulated herbaldeodorant sticks exhibit comparable stability