A Review: An Analysis of the Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Traits, Pharmacological Characteristics, and Toxicity of Annona Squamosa-A Brief Rewiew

The tropical fruit-bearing tree known as the custard apple or sugar apple, sweetsop, or Sita phal in India, is a member of the Annonaceae family. Originally from the West Indies and Central America, it is currently widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates across the world, such as Egypt, Brazil, Mexico, and India. The fruit is prized for its sweet, creamy pulp, rich in vitamins notably vitamin C and B1, minerals, and dietary fiber. In addition to its nutritional benefits, custard apples have a number of therapeutic uses. It has long been used to support cardiovascular health, aid digestion, and strengthen the immune system. Bioactive substances such acetogenins, alkaloids, and flavonoids have been found by phytochemical investigations, and they contribute to the plant's anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. The plant's phylogeny and evolution have been better understood thanks to recent genetic studies, which may also help with its cultivation and therapeutic uses. Despite its advantages, the fruit's extreme perishability makes storage and transportation difficult, which has led to research into value-added goods and postharvest processing. All things considered, Annona squamosa is a fruit with substantial nutritional and therapeutic value that merits more study to maximize its production, use, and preservation.