Effectiveness of Safe Insulin Practice on Child Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: Exploring Mothers Hope and Experiences

This study aimed to explore mothers' hope and experiences and to evaluate the effectiveness of a safe insulin practice intervention on self-efficacy and satisfaction among children (≤12 years) with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) at a tertiary care teaching hospital. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was used. Qualitative data were collected from eight mothers through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Subsequently, a quantitative pre- experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was conducted with 30 children with T1DM, who received a structured teaching program on safe insulin practices. Self-efficacy (Allen’s Scale) and satisfaction (Clare Bradley’s Scale) were assessed before and after the intervention. Qualitative findings revealed themes of initial shock and distress, evolving coping mechanisms, and profound hope fueled by observed improvements and support. Quantitative results showed a significant increase in children’s mean self-efficacy scores from 89.37 (SD 6.820) to 125.60 (SD 2.978) (t=23.701, p<0.001) and mean satisfaction scores from 29.87 (SD 5.211) to 36.50 (SD 3.093) (t=7.740, p<0.001) post-intervention. The study concludes that a structured educational intervention on safe insulin practices significantly enhances self-efficacy and satisfaction in children with T1DM, and underscores the resilient journey of hope experienced by their mothers.