Events and Festivals as Strategic Tools for Understanding and Assessing the Symbolic Reconfiguration of the World Urban System

The growing importance of the symbolic dimension in urban globalisation has led cities to compete not only in economic terms, but also in cultural and symbolic arenas. In this context, events and festivals have emerged as strategic tools for building reputation, attracting global audiences, and projecting soft power. This study introduces an updated version of the Synthetic Index of Events and Festivals (SIEF), which evaluates the positioning of 150 cities based on their capacity to host significant cultural and sporting events. Using a multi-methodological approach that combines an extensive literature review with a statistical analysis of data from various international organisations, the findings reveal a complex urban hierarchy. Globally multifunctional cities coexist with secondary or globalising ones that gain symbolic visibility through thematic specialisation. This study also identifies synergies between different event types and provides evidence of thematic clusters within the global urban network. The results underscore the importance of incorporating cultural indicators into global urban studies and position events as a privileged lens through which to examine the symbolic reconfiguration of the contemporary urban system.