Features of Seismicity of Klyuchevskoy Volcano in Connection with the Lateral Eruption in 2021 and the Paroxysmal Summit Eruption in 2023

Monitoring of the activity of Kamchatka volcanoes in near real time is carried out since 2000. Con­tinuous monitoring was carried out using three remote methods: 1) seismic monitoring according to automatic seismic stations; 2) visual and video observation; 3) satellite observation of the thermal anomalies and the ash clouds. The monitoring results are posted daily of the website of the Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Sur­vey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS). Klyuchevskoy volcano is the most active and powerful basalt volcano in the Kuril-Kamchatka volcanic region. 11 summit eruptions were recorded on Klyuchevskoy volcano in 2000–2023. Two eruptions from 11 ended in paroxysmal phases and one with a lateral eruption. As a result of the research, seismological precursors were identified with an assessment of their quantitative parameters based on data from local earthquakes and volcanic tremor to predict lateral and summit paroxysmal eruptions. Both paroxysmal eruptions were successfully predicted with a lead time of 5 days. According to the forecast of a paroxysmal eruption in 2023, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Kamchatka Territory promptly warned the population of nearby settlements and responsible services about the possible danger.