The Impact of Physical Activity on the Condition of Periodontium and Oral Mucosa

<ns3:p>Background. Physical activity is a key component of a healthy lifestyle, aimed at improving physical fitness and overall health. However, intense physical exertion may have a negative impact on oral health. Managing these aspects in the context of dental prevention is crucial, balancing physical activity with oral health care. The aim of this study is to raise awareness among professional athletes and recreational sports participants about the bidirectional relationship between physical activity and oral health. Material and methods. PubMed and ResearchGate databases were included for a thorough analysis of the impact of controlled physical activity on oral health and the influence of oral health on athletic performance and peri-training recovery.Description of the state of knowledge. The analyzed studies indicate that physical activity can have both beneficial and adverse effects on the oral health of athletes. The positive effects of physical activity include improved blood circulation in tissues, decreased the number of pathogenic microorganisms, reduced stress levels, which is a risk factor for various conditions, including periodontitis. On the other hand, studies also reveal the negative effects of overtraining on oral health. Dehydration leads to dry mouth. The consumption of energy drinks and sugar-rich gels by athletes, as well as mouth breathing during intense exercise, further exacerbates issues related to oral dryness and enamel erosion.Conclusions. Intense physical activity has been shown to negatively affect oral health, causing dryness, caries, and periodontal damage, while good oral health enhances performance and recovery. A balanced approach to physical activity and oral health care is particularly essential for athletes.</ns3:p>