Targeted and comprehensive tax incentives to support the pharmaceutical industry.

The subject of this study is the analysis of approaches (legal and economic) to the classification of tax benefits, followed by the development of a new approach using the example of the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this article is to develop a new approach to classifying tax support instruments that enhances the effectiveness of fiscal support tools for capital-intensive industries (using the pharmaceutical industry as a case study) in practice. The author provides a detailed examination of current approaches to the classification and summarization of tax benefits by various authors. Based on these current approaches, the author proposes their own method for classifying support instruments for the pharmaceutical sector, developed on the basis of current benefits available to pharmaceutical companies. The author analyzes which support tools for the pharmaceutical industry are more effective. Based on the developed classification of support instruments for the pharmaceutical industry, the author suggests directions for the development of incentives in this sector. This research was conducted using general scientific research methods, including systemic, logical, and comparative analysis, as well as the method of analogy. The main results of the research include the classification of support tools for the pharmaceutical industry, which allows the identification of directions for the development of incentives in the pharmaceutical sector. From the conducted analysis, the author concludes that comprehensive support tools are more effective for supporting investment projects, and that targeted support instruments are also important as they impact specific costs and actions relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a new classification of support instruments for the pharmaceutical sector, which facilitates the identification of challenges related to incentivizing the pharmaceutical industry, as well as suggestions for refining the current approach to applying comprehensive and targeted support tools with the aim of enabling their joint application: harmonization of tax benefits, expansion of technology-oriented tax benefits, and integration of existing tax benefits into comprehensive support tools.