Middleware Architectures for IoT: Enhancing Interoperability and Scalability

This paper proposes a middleware architecture that will help in enhancing the IoT systems’ interoperability, ‎scalability, and security. It consists of a Protocol Translation Layer, Microservices Layer, and Intelligent Load ‎Balancer, and Python and Docker for containerization. The system also consists of a protocol converter ‎between MQTT, CoAP, and HTTP, and assists in distributed data processing. The middleware was tested under ‎different traffic conditions, and it was observed that the middleware has 37. 5% less latency and 66%. 7% higher ‎throughput than the traditional solutions with 50 ms latency and 10,000 messages per second throughput ‎during high traffic. The architecture is extensible and can be applied to large-scale IoT applications, and it ‎has high applicability in real-world applications, but more experiments are needed to optimize the outcome‎.