<b>NANOPARTICLE-BASED TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS</b>

Nanoparticles have emerged as a highly advanced and promising drug delivery system (DDS) for the treatment of hematological disorders, including anemia, leukemia, and hemophilia. Traditional therapeutic approaches often involve systemic drug administration, which can lead to suboptimal drug distribution and adverse side effects. In contrast, nanoparticle-based drug delivery offers targeted and controlled release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. This review highlights the design and application of various nanoparticles, including polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes, and metallic nanoparticles, in delivering therapeutic agents directly to diseased blood cells, such as red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets. The phospholipid bilayer-based nanocarriers are particularly effective in encapsulating and transporting both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. We also discuss recent advancements in nanoparticle engineering, biocompatibility, and functionalization strategies that allow selective targeting of pathological sites. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the significant potential of nanomedicine in revolutionizing treatment paradigms for blood-related disorders. Moreover, ongoing innovations in nanoscale drug delivery technologies hold promise for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of chronic hematological conditions.