Revisiting Tinto’s Student Integration Theory: A Framework for Understanding Doctoral Student Attrition and Enhancing Retention Strategies

Doctoral student attrition remains a critical issue in higher education, with non-completion rates often exceeding 40%. This article revisits Tinto’s Student Integration Theory as a framework to explore the factors contributing to doctoral student attrition and to identify strategies for improving retention. By conducting a systematic review of existing literature, the research examines the applicability of Tinto’s theory to the doctoral context, focusing on academic and social integration, institutional commitment and the unique challenges faced by doctoral students, such as mentorship quality, research productivity and work-life balance. The article also evaluates current institutional policies and practices, offering evidence-based recommendations to address gaps in support systems. Findings underscore the need for tailored interventions that align with the complexities of doctoral education, providing both theoretical insights and practical solutions to enhance student persistence and success.