Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Multidrug Resistant Microorganism with Special Reference to Nosocomial Infections

The bacterial isolates from hospital environment act as a pool of antimicrobial resistance as well as main cause of nosocomial infections and their genes act a potential source of resistance to clinical pathogens. In the present study, we aim to perform molecular characterization of bacteria from hospital settings and to identify the emerging multi-drug resistant bacteria in our study area. A study was carried out in various hospitals in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. Collection of isolates was carried out, transported and immediately analyzed by using standard protocols. Identification of bacterial isolates was done using biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing technique. Mueller-Hinton agar was used for carrying out antibiotic susceptibility test against beta-lactam group of antibiotics using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Amplification of DNA was done was using polymerase chain reaction with the help of universal primers. A total of 46 bacterial isolates were found from different areas of various hospitals. Four isolates were picked for molecular characterization and phylogenetic tree construction using distance matrix method. We found that three out of four belong to Staphylococii group whereas one is from Bacilli group. In conclusion, we have found 4 prominent bacterial strains as MDR against beta-lactam group of antibiotics and it was observed that variations in the sequences of target bacterial species can be attributed to provide resistance to different antibiotics and gene transfer among bacterial strains.