Existential Isolation and Identity Crisis in The Metamorphosis: An Exploration of Gregor Samsa’s Transformation and Alienation

The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparative presence of existential isolation and identity crisis in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis. The analysis indicates the relationships shift in alignment with Gregor’s with his loved ones, using the existentialist theory to describe the breakdown of traditional roles and to the relationship’s indifference to each other. The transformation consequently is what brings about Gregor’s unhappy identity whereby he is own in a state of isolation because he is not even part of the human world or his family. The study found that Gregor’s change of body is symbolic, because the existential belief that identity is unstable and highly dependent on societal roles which may crumble at any time and force one to face the meaning to life alone. The results also show how Gregor is isolated from his family and also isolated by his family who progressively see him as a burden and not a member of the household. The existential dilemma of meaning in a world that sums up a human’s worth to productivity is here also rejected. Thereby showing how Gregor’s journey symbolizes the absurd theory of existentialism, whereby life with no meaning comes into force to deter hope and resignation to despair. Finally, this study shows that The Metamorphosis highlights individuals’ vulnerability and alienation when they are devoid of identity and meaning and it further conveys Kafka’s critique of loneliness in being human. This research offers a contribution to our understanding of existentialism in literature showing that Kafka’s work remains relevant in terms of its treatment of themes of isolation and the search for self in a world without feeling.