Comunicação Eficaz entre Cuidadores Formais e Idosos: Barreiras e Estratégias

Effective communication between formal caregivers and older adults is essential for quality care. This cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study investigated the perception of communication barriers and the use of communication strategies perceived and employed by 27 formal caregivers of older adults in three senior residences in Northern Portugal. A structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions was applied, addressing the main communication barriers and aspects of effective communication. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine intentionally selected participants to identify daily difficulties and the most commonly used communication strategies. The results revealed that nurses more frequently reported hearing deficits (80%) compared to gerontologists (65%) and operational assistants (70%). Dementia was more frequently mentioned by gerontologists (60%). Age-related stereotypes were more recognized by nurses (40%) and less by gerontologists (30%). The communication strategies perceived as most effective were empathy (85%), the use of visual aids (80%), and vocabulary adjustment (75%). Although 80% of nurses and gerontologists considered visual aids effective, only 65% reported using them regularly. Operational assistants prioritized non-verbal communication (80%) and interaction (85%) but applied vocabulary adjustment in only 50% of cases. It is concluded that effective communication between formal caregivers and older adults requires a personalized approach, focused on the specific needs of the elderly and the roles of each type of caregiver. It is recommended to implement targeted training programs and increase the availability of technological and visual resources to enhance communication and elderly care.