Harnessing nature for next-generation CO2 removal

Abstract Achieving carbon neutrality necessitates a variety of strategies, including the adoption of renewable energy with zero carbon emissions, utilization of low-carbon fuels, and significant reduction in anthropogenic emissions, with a strong emphasis on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture technologies. These technologies are essential for significantly lowering atmospheric CO 2 levels. Current methods of carbon capture, such as the use of metal-organic frameworks, amine solvents, and ionic liquids, excel in high surface areas, porosity, and reactive functional groups. However, they involve sophistication and costly production processes. This review proposes a shift toward materials engineered from naturally derived compounds and bioinspired mechanisms, enhancing the accessibility and sustainability of CO 2 sorption. This prospective aims to explore and bridge advancements in naturally derived or inspired CO 2 capture materials and methods, assessing their physical and chemical structures, sorption mechanisms, and capabilities. This article will compare these nature-inspired materials to contemporary artificial technologies, highlighting their potential for the next generation of adsorbent and absorbent materials, including solid, liquid, and mixed-state, characterized by rapid kinetics, high efficiency, sustainability, and stability in CO 2 sorption. Graphical abstract