Eriobotrya japonica a review: Phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and therapeutic potentials

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (EJ), commonly known as loquat, is a fruit tree from the Rosaceae family, traditionally used in various cultures for its medicinal properties. Originating from Southeast China, it has been utilized in traditional medicine across countries like Indonesia, Japan, India, and Turkey. The leaves and fruits of Eriobotrya japonica are known for their expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects, among others. The plant contains a rich profile of phytochemicals including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and triterpenes, which contribute to its pharmacological activities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and therapeutic potentials of Eriobotrya japonica . The study evaluates the scientific evidence supporting the ethnopharmacological relevance of the plant and identifies areas for future research. A literature review was conducted, querying several databases for research articles published in English from 1960 to February 2024. Studies included were those investigating the phytochemistry, biological activity, traditional use, and pharmacological properties of Eriobotrya japonica . The methodology involved the extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds, in vitro and in vivo assays to determine pharmacological effects, and toxicity studies to assess safety. This study reveals that Eriobotrya japonica contains a wealth of bioactive compounds, exhibiting notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. Traditional uses in various cultures align with the pharmacological properties observed in scientific studies. However, the mechanisms of action of many compounds remain partially understood, and comprehensive toxicity studies are lacking. The potential for drug development from Eriobotrya japonica compounds is substantial, given their diverse therapeutic effects. Eriobotrya japonica exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities that support its traditional uses. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals makes it a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic agents. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms of action, conducting clinical trials to confirm efficacy and safety, and exploring the potential for developing novel drugs from its constituents. • Eriobotrya japonica is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, triterpenoids, and phenolics. • It has traditional medicinal uses across Asia, particularly for respiratory, metabolic, and inflammatory conditions. • Scientific studies support its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. • The plant shows promise for future drug development, but further mechanistic and clinical studies are needed. • This review bridges traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological understanding.