Hybrid modeling applied for a developing plastic waste management system

Purpose This study aims to suggest improvements to the performance of a developing plastic waste management (PWM) system by integrating partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), interpretive structural modeling (ISM),and matrix of impact cross-multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through questionnaires targeting recycling stakeholders. The first asked about the importance of various indicators from the literature; the second asked about the relationships between constructs. Findings Urban infrastructure and organizational features correlate with effectiveness and are driving constructs influencing the dependent constructs of efficiency, effectiveness and performance. Efficiency correlates with performance, highlighting the importance of cost-effective recycling. Research limitations/implications This integration eliminates statistically insignificant indicators and constructs, focusing on key performance drivers. The required sample size is fulfilled, but the methodology’s application to Brazil may restrict the results’ generalizability to PWM systems in developing countries. Practical implications To enhance PWM systems’ performance, municipal authorities should increase the provision of recycling bins, voluntary drop-off points, eco-points and papa-plásticos. Organizations should focus on personnel training, marketing and advertising and incentive-based schemes. Social implications Improving PWM systems reduces pollution for people’s health and increases employment. Efficient waste separation and higher-performance recycling foster sustainability. Originality/value This novel mixed-methods research offers insights towards SDGs 11, 12, and 13, contributing to performance-driving factors under plans like Planares in Brazil, given the methodology’s applicability.