Synergic removal of Aflatoxin B1 in oily matrices by focusing on the peroxidase-like nanozymes-driven strategies: Mechanisms and intermediate toxicity, nutritional impact, advances and challenges

Oilseeds and extracted oils, as the supplier of at least 40% of calories, dietary essential fatty acids, and food flavor, due to insufficient cultivation-harvesting techniques, processing and long-term storage in improper conditions, and lack of adequate food-safety standards and/or official consideration, are prone to contamination by AFB1. Given its irreversible adverse effects on consumer health and food/feed safety due to various factors ( e.g., high chemical stability of lipophilic AFB1, transformation to other toxic derivatives, and chemical interaction with oily matrices), developing a decontamination approach from a safety/efficiency perspective is imperative. This review provides the recent progress on the AFB1 detoxification from oily matrices by focusing on the peroxidase-based nanozymes technologies and enzymatic-like mechanisms of reactive species in detail for the first time. Significantly, the superiority of enzymatic-like activity in capturing/detoxifying AFB1 from oily matrices, change in nutritional quality, organoleptic profiles, and physicochemical properties of oils, and mechanism of action are highlighted by a comparison with various edible oil remediation systems ( i.e., physicochemical, physical, chemical, and biological). The peroxidase nanozyme–based technologies could be of primary importance in the remediation of AFB1 from oily matrices due to the unique merits of nanozymes ( e.g., low-cost, size/surface-dependent properties, excellent efficiency and durability/stability, recoverability, biocompatibility, many capabilities to maintain the nutritional quality, and without require to any pre-treatment). Finally, this review aimed to provide several beneficial insights regarding safety, universality, finance, ecology, rapidity, selectivity, detoxification path, and toxicity/biological nature of transformed products in peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme technologies. • Nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity for AFB1 decontamination in oily matrices. • Evaluation of AFB1 degradation mechanisms and product toxicity in various systems. • Impact of AFB1 removal technologies on the nutritional value of oily samples. • Comparative analysis of AFB1 removal systems regarding efficiency and feasibility. • The knowledge gaps and cardinal challenges for peroxidase-like nanozyme technologies.