O pensar ambiental: Desenvolvimento do pensamento sustentável

The concept of sustainability, introduced in the Brundtland Report of 1987, aims to meet current needs without compromising those of future generations. ECO-92 highlighted the United States' resistance to committing to climate changes due to economic concerns. Sustainability is manipulated by power holders to justify actions harmful to the environment. Fábio Balestro Floriano criticizes the anthropocentric view of modernity, which has resulted in unsustainable practices. Sustainable thought seeks a new relationship between humans and nature, based on respecting ecological limits. Sustainable development faces criticism for being a tool of capitalism to perpetuate resource exploitation. Hans Jonas proposes the principle of responsibility, emphasizing the consequences of human actions for future generations. Environmental education promotes planetary citizenship, but sustainable development is criticized for not addressing the structural roots of the environmental crisis. True sustainability requires a profound transformation of economic, social, and political practices, as well as a change in the ethics that guide human actions. The results indicate that the concept of sustainable development is superficial and contradictory. The adoption of the principle of responsibility and comprehensive environmental education are fundamental to ensuring a sustainable future and the preservation of the environment.