Modeling of Wideband Non-Stationary MIMO Channels for Low-Altitude UAV Based on GBSM

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), particularly low-altitude UAVs, have gained significant importance. This paper proposes a three-dimensional geometry-based wideband non-stationary stochastic channel model for such scenarios. Differing from existing models, it unifies air-to-air (A2A) and air-to-ground (A2G) scenarios into a general model, accounting for local, remote, and moving scatter clusters. A two-state continuous-time Markov process is utilized to simulate scatter clusters birth-death dynamics, and key statistical properties are derived. A simulation model is developed to reduce computational complexity. The results indicate that the proposed model can accurately reflect UAV channel characteristics across various frequencies.