Communicating uncertainty with perinatal counseling: a randomized controlled trial of a multimodal curriculum for obstetrical trainees

This structured SPIKES-based curriculum significantly enhanced obstetric trainees' communication performance and confidence in simulated counseling scenarios involving uncertain prognoses. The curriculum is feasible for integration into graduate medical education and aligns with ACGME communication competencies. These findings support broader implementation of structured communication training in obstetrics to improve both learner outcomes and patient-centered care.