Applying machine learning to safe vascular anastomosis

Our study shows the potential of machine learning on exoscope images to generate algorithms that promote safe microsurgical anastomosis. It also shows how the recent emergence of Python code, Google Colaboratory™, and machine-learning models such as YOLO has made it possible for even programming amateurs to develop effective machine-learning algorithms. Further development of new central and graphics processing units and computational processing methods will likely lead to machine-learning applications that improve surgery and facilitate medical training.