Heart rate optimization to reduce tricuspid regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation and relative bradycardia: A case report

Assessing the optimal heart rate in patients with heart failure is crucial, requiring a case-by-case evaluation rather than relying on evidence from large clinical trials. In this case, characterized by relative bradycardia with chronic atrial fibrillation and severe tricuspid valve regurgitation, we determined the optimal heart rate using the Doppler waveform of the tricuspid valve inflow to assess whether an increase in heart rate could enhance cardiac output without reducing stroke volume.