Next normal scenario for sustainable disposable face-mask waste management for low-carbon communities

• A framework for mask waste is developed using the Health Impact Assessment (HIA). • Mask waste practices are assessed and linked to circular economy applications. • Greenhouse gas reduction from the waste sector is proposed and analyzed. • The KCOST model improves mask waste management and supports sustainability. This study explores the emerging environmental and public health challenges associated with the widespread use of disposable face masks, which have become essential for mitigating the transmission of COVID-19 as the disease transitions into an endemic phase. Disposable face masks, primarily composed of polypropylene, are contributing to the growing plastic pollution problem and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The research proposes a practical framework for managing mask waste in community settings as part of the 'next normal.' By conducting a comprehensive review of existing waste management practices, analyzing the extent of mask waste (which accounts for 2.75% of an individual's daily solid waste), and assessing the chemical composition of discarded masks, the study emphasizes the urgent need for effective disposal solutions. In addition, health impact assessments are integrated into the process to engage community members in informed decision-making regarding mask waste management. To address this issue, the study introduces the KCOST model (K=Knowledge, C=Categorize, O=Organize, S=Storage, T=Technology), a novel approach designed to enhance waste management systems and promote low-carbon communities. The framework aligns with the principles of sustainable development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring that environmental, economic, and health impacts are adequately addressed.